REVIEW: “PASSING BELLS”

Peace Researcher 38 – July 2009

           

by WJ Foote, The Glen Press, Christchurch, 2009

 

- Jeremy Agar

 

Will Foote’s title alludes to a pacifist poem from World War 1. This war, one of the most miserable in the long and futile history of miserable wars, inspired several anti-war poets. Foote, who has a humane and wide view, sprinkles quotations throughout his breezy monograph. A large part of “Passing Bells” is a brief history of war, from a New Zealand perspective. As Foote points out at the start, the basic information he’s passing on will be familiar to many readers and he’s not pretending to break new ground. What he does do very well is sum up the sad legacy of human conflict.

 

As with his previous books, Foote is concerned primarily with making the case for pacifism. Wars don’t solve problems because they never seem to end up how the warriors would have hoped. Their one sure outcome is death and destruction. A wise propagandist, Foote knows that the debate about the morality of violence is a long one and he’s not going to change minds about fundamental principles. So he contents himself with a few general observations and guides the reader to where she might find more detailed expositions.

 

Foote thinks that popular justifications for war which locate lofty motives and happy outcomes are misguided. Two common examples: the American Civil War was not waged to end slavery, and World War 2 was not about saving Jews from the Holocaust. The broad sweep of events has a certain inevitability about it, which violence can affect only in the short term.Foote has a great sense of history, and his judgements are shrewd. Some examples of his take on pivotal decisions: 

 

On World War 2, he quotes Noam Chomsky, a favourite source: “If the United States and Britain had wanted to stop Hitler in 1938, they probably could have done it. There wouldn’t have been any war, but they didn’t particularly want to”. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was unnecessary, even in narrowly military terms. It was prompted by President Truman’s desire to forestall an expected Russian advance on Japan so that, as Truman himself put it, “little Harry could show Molotov and Stalin that we’ve got the cards”.

 

In Gulf War 1, Bush the First left Saddam in power because “the Americans decided that ‘the devil they knew’ was better than rule by the ‘mad Mullahs’ or Communists that might succeed him. That led Saddam to vent his wrath on those, such as the Kurds, who had not supported him and had been promised protection by the Americans”. The mess in Afghanistan continues, 30 years on from a 1978 call by the Americans and the British to help the Mujahidin, a reactionary, rural opposition to a popular secular government. That prompted Russian help for the Afghan government, the end of Soviet Communism, the rise of bin Laden, a ruined American economy, and al-Qaeda. 

 

It’s The Warriors Who Are Out Of Sync

 

Defenders of global violence like to decry pacifism as being based on a false notion of human nature. Foote thinks that this naive view fails to recognise that, on the contrary, “there’s no original sin, there’s original goodness”. Modern science endorses Foote’s optimism, and it’s the warriors who are out of sync. Even when there are no actual wars they compromise our humanity and waste our resources. Every year the world spends $1 trillion on its military. Productive investment with the potential to provide clean water and clean energy and eradicate acid rain and illiteracy would cost a faction of that. It would also ease the causes of violence.

 

Non-violent protests work, Foote suggests, and he takes us through some examples. His important insight is that officials in the belligerent governments and the international financiers whose policies have been so destructive are not evil. They don’t intend to crush the world’s poor, but they do because they’re caught in a system and a mindset. In a more rational world, society could readily organise itself to apply “common morality to the common good”. Pacifist thinking traditionally has a strong religious component, but Foote seems inspired more by a sturdy secularism. Active in the New Zealand peace movement for 70 years, Foote knows that the way for a united vision to succeed is to present an argument in ways that invite broad acceptance. As an introduction to the topic, this book is hard to beat. 

 

Copies of “Passing Bells” cost $20 (or $15 each if buying two or more) and can be ordered from The Glen Press, 1/52a Aorangi Road, Christchurch 8053.

 

Will Foote is a veteran and much valued member of the Anti-Bases Campaign, and until he was well into his 80s, a regular at Waihopai spybase protests from the outset. He is a prolific writer, and several of his books have been reviewed in PR, most recently “Saving Trees, Stopping Wars”, reviewed by Jeremy Agar in PR 33, November 2006, online at http://www.converge.org.nz/abc/pr33-131a.html. Ed.

 

 

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