Foulden Maar is a 172ha volcanic crater near Middlemarch in Otago and contains an estimated reserve of 31 million tonnes of diatomite (diatomaceous earth). It is also the only known paleontological site spanning the Oligocene Miocene era in the world - the time when Antarctica was last deglaciating; exactly the climatic conditions the world is now facing. The preservation of fossils and climate change data held in the layers of diatomite is unsurpassed and was recently featured in Prime Television's documentary series Beneath New Zealand.(1)

Currently 42 ha of Foulden Maar is owned by Australian/Malaysian transnational Plaman Resources, which has an application with the Overseas Investment Office (OIO) to buy the surrounding 432ha farmland. Over the next 27 years Plaman planned to mine the entire reserve for export as an additive to fertiliser on palm oil plantations and as a stock feed supplement (trademarked as Black Pearl) for factory farms and feedlots. Foulden Maar and this mining proposal have already been the subject of two recent Watchdog articles.(2,3)

Together with Andrea Bosshard, I have been researching this proposal for over a year now, producing a research paper titled "The Destruction Of Foulden Maar" (to access it, go here:). While a number of people viewed us as unnecessarily alarmist (in other words, nutters), others were overwhelmed and despondent at yet another environmental catastrophe on the horizon. It appeared to be yet another case of a wealthy transnational, together with OIO complicity, running roughshod over the sovereignty of Aotearoa.

Leaked Report Bombshell

However, on 20 April 2019, there was a dramatic turn of events. Otago Daily Times reporter Simon Hartley wrote an article headlined "Leaked Report Sheds Light On Mine Project". Based on a 112 page report by Plaman's financial backer Goldman Sachs(4), his article vindicated claims made in our report; that, while the company was publicity shy, it was indeed busy behind the scenes striking deals and garnering support from local and regional governmental bodies; the level of truck movements down State Highway 87, and that rail remained a possibility.

It confirmed our assertion that by weight, the diatomite was of low commercial value, and that to be financially viable the volume extracted would be huge, requiring the mining operation to run 24/7. Plaman Resources had, up to April 2019, led scientists at the Otago University Geology Department and the NZ Geoscience Society to believe the mining would be compatible and even beneficial to scientific research. This was now clearly not the case, with official verification from Goldman Sachs that the entire contents of the Maar were to be completely extracted.

The leaked report appeared to have been authored in late 2018. It also revealed much had been going on behind the scenes. Former Labour Cabinet Minister Clayton Cosgrove had been engaged as a "Government relations adviser to secure approval" for the mine as soon as possible. "Clayton has outstanding relationships with the ruling Labour government and is doing everything possible to ensure a decision is made by the relevant Ministers as soon as possible".

The processing plant originally planned for Southland, was now going to be in Milton and Plaman had "agreed terms" following an "offer from Calder Stewart and Port Otago". It was revealed the Dunedin City Council, described in the report as "pro-mining", had - along with the Clutha District Council - sent "letters of support" to the OIO. It later transpired these were letters from both Chief Executives and Dunedin Mayor Dave Cull.

Goldman Sachs also believed any opposition would "...come from a small number of local residents, who are not well resourced", and "...management does not expect any social or significant community issues". The report recommended a corporate restructure, removing Malaysian majority shareholders Iris Corporation as this "...will be viewed positively by the (NZ) Ministers, since it removes any link between Foulden Hills project and the potential use of Black Pearl as a fertiliser for palm oil plantations, which has been identified as a sensitivity for the local community".

This subsequently proved easier said than done. In early October 2018, Iris appeared ready to exit. Iris Group Chief Executive Officer, Shaiful Subhan (also one of four Plaman Resource's directors) stated it would be divesting Iris' 51% stake in Plaman Resources.(5) However, by late March 2019, he is quoted as saying "...there will be no fire sale of assets", adding these included Plaman Resources Ltd.(6)

Simon Hartley observed that the leaked report appeared to have been prepared for would-be investors with a level of detail more akin to an initial public offering to float a company on the share market. In our document, we surmised that Plaman could be intending to "pump and dump"; building up expectations, exaggerating the size and value of the resource, before floating the company on the stock market.

The current shareholders then quietly exit, having sold while shares are high and before the true value of the company is proven. Following the ODT article, Plaman immediately withdrew from the upcoming Minerals Forum to be held in Dunedin in late May, where it was scheduled to do a half hour presentation. It refused to respond to any questions from the media.

The Tide Turns

In response, we sent "The Destruction Of Foulden Maar" to every Dunedin City Councillor. On 8 May, Andrea and I both gave five-minute presentations to the Council's Annual Plan Hearings. We asserted there was no mandate to destroy the fossils and invaluable climate change data contained in Foulden Maar. We argued that by providing letters of support for Plaman's application to the OIO, without investigation into their claims about the value of black diatomite or the scientific validity of Black Pearl, the Council had failed to exercise due diligence (to watch these presentations go here:).

We also argued that the resource management process would not protect the Maar or the community, pointing out how easily the process was hijacked on the West Coast by the Pike River Mine Company. The day after presenting, we received an email from the office of Dunedin Mayor Dave Cull stating that the research paper sent on April 23 was now being placed before him.

On 10 May, Newsroom published an article by journalist Farah Hancock headlined "Dunedin's 'Pompeii' To Be Mined To Make Pig Food". Foulden Maar suddenly became national news. The Head of Otago University's Paleogenetic Laboratory, Dr Nic Rawlence, took to Twitter and the fate of Foulden Maar grabbed the attention not just of scientists around the world, but also former Prime Minister, Helen Clark, who joined the chorus of opposition to the mine.(7)

The Save Foulden Maar group was formed, a Website with guidelines on how to make a submission to the OIO, and a Facebook page were created. An online petition was set in motion calling for the destruction of Foulden Maar to be stopped, for the OIO to reject Plaman's application, that the land be acquired, turned into a scientific reserve under Section 21 of the Reserves Act 1977, and Foulden Maar be protected by section 6(b) of the Resource Management Act by being classified as an area of outstanding natural features. At the time of writing the petition has collected over 10,700 signatures.(8)

On 11 May, in light of the Goldman Sachs report, a meeting was held in Middlemarch. It was attended by 30 people; a significant turnout for a very small community. There was overwhelming consensus that mining was not the sort of development wanted in the area. Despite Plaman's promises back in July 2018 of community consultation, nothing had eventuated and many residents thought the proposal had fallen over.

It was revealed at the meeting however, that Plaman's NZ General Manager, Craig Pilcher, had been approaching individuals with offers of funding for the Middlemarch Museum, claiming also the company would be sealing roads, constructing passing lanes on SH87 and that "you wouldn't even notice the trucks".

Farah Hancock at Newsroom produced a series of bombshell articles, picked up by other media outlets, exposing the characters behind Plaman(9) and debunking its' unsubstantiated claims about Black Pearl as a stock feed additive.(10) The Otago Daily Times was also running articles, sometimes up to three a day. On 13 May, Radio New Zealand joined in, first on Afternoons With Jesse Mulligan(11), then Checkpoint(12) and Nine to Noon. RNZ has been regularly reporting on Foulden Maar since then.

Scientists Join The Campaign

Recently retired Associate Professor Daphne Lee, also from Otago University, and an expert on the paleontological value of Foulden Maar, joined the battle and began doing regular public talks on the scientific discoveries and value of the site. She has become a key figure in the fight and the scientific go-to person for media. She is unwavering in her argument that science and commercial mining on Foulden Maar cannot co-exist.

Plaman, however, found it had one supporter prepared to speak out on its' behalf, while it remained silent. This was Dunedin South Labour MP Clare Curran. Having already met with her on 12 April, when she made her support for Plaman very clear, this was no surprise to us. A month later, on 14 May, Curran was reported in the ODT as being frustrated that there was still no decision 15 months after Plaman had lodged its' application with the OIO.

Proactive on Plaman's behalf, she had written to the relevant Minister, Eugenie Sage, about this. Curran claimed to have talked to company representatives and that they had given her assurances regarding Black Pearl and the mining operation. She also claimed that the public lacked the facts.(13) Plaman remained silent, possibly hoping to ride out the media storm, while using Curran as their de-facto spokesperson.

On 15 May, the Dunedin City Council began a gradual U-turn. Mayor Dave Cull had written a letter of support for Plaman's OIO application, but was now demanding Plaman explain why the Goldman Sachs report appeared to be at odds with assurances given to the Council about the quality of the diatomite and continuing access to the site for scientists.(14) At this point, Curran backed off and has not commented on the issue since.

Meanwhile, it was revealed the Clutha District Council (CDC) had changed the District Plan to accommodate the building of Plaman's $36.8 million processing plant at Milton. Subsequent Official Information Act requests revealed 148 emails with contents redacted, but subject lines clearly showed Plaman had been trying to access the Provincial Growth Fund.

Among those involved in the email chain were former NZ First chief of staff David Broome and NZ First MP Mark Patterson, as well as employees of Kiwi Rail, Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) and NZ Trade and Enterprise (NZTE). Official Information Act responses from NZTE were heavily redacted, MBIE's have been delayed and Kiwi Rail flat out refused to supply anything.

On 16 May, Andrea got a "courtesy" call from Craig Pilcher, inviting her and me to meet with him to explain "...a lot of mitigations and changes being made that you need to be aware of".(15) Andrea explained we wanted Plaman to front up to a public meeting with the Middlemarch community. Pilcher said he wanted to do this a year ago but "...my bosses had forbidden me to do that".(16) He inferred that after meeting us he would then be more than happy to come and talk to the community. We declined the invitation.

On 21 May, Dunedin Mayor Dave Cull announced he had written to the OIO requesting it to "set aside" his earlier letter of support and also that of Chief Executive Sue Bidrose, who had co-signed a separate letter written by CDC. Cull claimed the Council had not shifted its position, but had become "neutral" until more information was available, and could still yet support the project.(17)

On the same day, and one month after the Goldman Sachs report was leaked to the Otago Daily Times, Plaman broke its' silence. Australian co-founder and Chief Executive, Pete Plakidis, offered multiple media outlets a 15-minute slot on a first in first served basis. He was interviewed by Kathryn Ryan on Nine to Noon.(18) Plakidis claimed it "had good motives", would not "knowingly supply fertiliser to palm plantations," and was endeavouring to remove the Malaysian shareholders, which could only happen once it had OIO approval.

Company Misled & Offered "Jaw-Dropping Inducements"

Then it would engage in "world class community consultation". He also said Plaman would have a geologist on site and its' surface mining machine would stop work when it came across a fossil. He appeared not to understand the fossils were small insects, leaves, flowers and fish, not large dinosaurs. He offered to leave 10% (and then, later in the interview, 20%) of the Maar intact for scientific research. He also put great stead on a letter of support Plaman had received in 2018 from the NZ Geoscience Society, obviously not realising that the Society, like others who had been misled by Plaman, had already been revising its' submission.

Meanwhile, Craig Pilcher and Dunedin consultant geologist Paul Angus met with Professor Lee, Dr Andrew Gorman, also of Otago University, and Geoscience Society President, Dr Jennifer Eccles, in a last-ditch effort to bring the scientists back onboard. It offered "jaw dropping inducements"(19) which included scholarships and promises not to mine the nearby 15 million-year-old fossil-laden Hindon Maar Complex, if the University dropped its opposition to Plaman's Foulden Maar mining proposal.

Plaman held exploration rights for the Hindon Maars (due to expire six days later on 27 May), but did not own the land. Lee knew however, that Hindon contains very little diatomite and had no commercial value for Plaman. The offer was refused. Nic Rawlence later described it as choosing "between the pyramids of Giza and the Sistine Chapel." On 21 May, there was a press release on the OIO website updating the status of Plaman's application, emphasising criteria of: "investor test", "benefit to New Zealand" and "rural land directive", and stating it would continue to accept new submissions, resubmissions and withdrawals.(20)

Then, on 26 May, economist Rod Oram published an article on Newsroom titled "Unjustifiable Vandalism And Grand Promises".(21) He describes Plaman's business model as "eye popping". It expects to make a staggering $7.8 million per employee each year. This is 22 times more revenue and 30 times more profit, than NZ's most profitable goldmine, OceanaGold's Macraes mine. With a $28m loan, Plaman was planning on building a $36.8m processing plant and buying out Iris Corporation. Oram also questioned whether the project's cashflow would be able to fund the Goldman Sachs estimate of $US470m of capital expenditure within three years.

During the Nine to Noon interview, Pete Plakidis claimed Plaman had New Zealanders waiting to invest, begging the question originally put forward in our research paper, if this was indeed a "pump and dump" investment scam? Oram also raised questions about paid consultancy firm AHPharma's ability to have undertaken the efficacy tests that Plaman claim show the effectiveness of their stock feed additive Black Pearl. The results of these tests have never been released or peer reviewed.

On the streets of Dunedin, the fight to save Foulden Maar was gaining traction. On 24 May 1500 school pupils and students marched as part the Strike For Climate Action. Congregating at the Octagon, they gave me the opportunity to address them about Foulden Maar, and the speech received a rousing reception. With a photograph of the Preserve Foulden Maar banner flying high, the Otago Daily Times reported that "the predicament of the Foulden Hill Maar was embraced by the Dunedin pupils' climate change strike..."(22)

Minerals Forum: Big Protests & Mayor Puts Boot Into Miners

Three days later, on 28 May, the Straterra Minerals Forum was being hosted in Dunedin. While Plaman had already withdrawn from the forum and coal mining was the main focus of the protest, Foulden Maar was very much in the consciousness of both forum organisers and demonstrators. Police reinforcements had been brought in from Wellington, Christchurch and Queenstown.

In the early hours of the morning, 200 activists from a number of environmental groups, schooled in non-violent direct action, gathered at the Dunedin Town Hall to blockade entrances. Police made repeated attempts to remove demonstrators and despite much pushing and shoving, they were largely unsuccessful. Members of the local fire brigade were used to try and remove chains on the front door and later another person superglued their hands to the same doors.

The Town Hall has a lot of entrances and a game of cat and mouse between activists and mining delegates ensued for most of the morning. Three people were arrested and released without charge, while one protestor was hospitalised with a serious knee injury. Most delegates did eventually get in and the Forum got off to a belated start. In a surprising opening address, Mayor Dave Cull told the mining delegates that "harmful influences" on the environment by miners would "no longer be tolerated" and the protestors outside "however impolite and disrespectful" were expressing the "overwhelming view of this community and my Council."(23)

By that afternoon, a Preserve Foulden Maar banner and an Extinction Rebellion flag were flying high on the front steps of the Dunedin Council Chambers. Inside the chambers, Professor Daphne Lee presented at the public forum to the full Council and packed audience on the scientific importance of Foulden Maar. Protestors were still outside and included musician Nick Knox whose baroque organ improvisations wafted through the chambers adding an appropriate and poignant gravitas to Lee's presentation. She had been allocated five minutes to talk but after questions from councillors, ended up talking for 50 minutes and finished to applause from Councillors and audience.

Green Councillor Aaron Hawkins put forward a motion that Dunedin City Council recognise the significance of the fossil record at Foulden Maar, support its preservation and protection as a scientific resource and commission an options paper, with urgency, on how it could give effect to this decision. The next day the motion passed 11 to 2 with 1 abstention. Opposed were Cr Mike Lord and Cr Lee Vandervis. Lord is Dunedin City Council's (DCC) representative on the Strath-Taieri Board and was there when Craig Pilcher first pitched the project back in July 2018.

Lord is "not convinced" human activity is influencing climate change.(24) For Vandervis, while the fossils were "of enormous interest", he viewed the climate change data contained in Foulden Maar as less significant as it could already be researched on the Internet.(25) Nic Rawlence later wrote on the widely read online science publication The Conversation that this is like saying we don't need cows to produce milk as we can buy it from the dairy.(26)

DCC's Complete U-Turn

The DCC's U-turn was finally complete on 14 June, when Mayor Cull made a new submission on Plaman Resources' application to the OIO. It stated that the sale of the land was at odds with the desire by the city to protect the Maar.(27) The DCC had now joined both the Geoscience Society of NZ and the University of Otago in making submissions calling for full or significant preservation of the site from mining.

The public pressure was impacting on Plaman itself. USA-based Rob Aukerman, Plaman's President of Animal Nutrition and Health, left the company in March after just 15 months in the job and was not replaced. Chief Scientific Officer Bill Weldon's name disappeared from the Plaman Website. Press releases from 2017 and 2018 announcing both Aukerman's and Weldon's appointments were also removed.

Then in mid-June, Plaman's Our Team page was completely gone. There has also been a recent change in directorship. Rozabil Rahman from Iris Corporation, who is deeply entrenched in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) political party and closely associated with Malaysia's disgraced former Prime Minister, Najib Razak, had been subject of "investor test" submissions to the OIO.

On 17 April, he was replaced on Plaman's Board by his close business partner Paul Poh. But Poh is not squeaky clean either. He recently lost $HK33million (NZ$6.4m) in one night of gambling at a Macau casino. Malaysia doesn't recognise gambling debts and Poh may have felt he could lose with impunity. But it appears he had penned a credit agreement for which, in a landmark ruling, the Malaysian court found him liable.(28)

On 18 June, there was another OIO press release. In the past month, it had received 25 new submissions about Plaman's application and was in the process of reviewing them. Special mention was made of the Overseas Investment Act requiring that a vendor selling "sensitive land" to an overseas buyer has to advertise the land within the 12 months prior to the overseas buyer lodging an application to the OIO.

Rules around advertising are very specific. The property must be advertised in at least one newspaper edition and be available for sale for at least 20 working days.(29) It must also be advertised in such a way that "...a hypothetical person looking to purchase property in the district in which the land is located would have reasonable notice that the property was for sale".(30)

This had been the subject of much conjecture from those fighting to save Foulden Maar and the farmers involved were not talking to anyone. Eventually, one private black and white advertisement was found to have been placed in the Otago Daily Times on 4 February 2017, exactly 12 months prior to Plaman's application to the OIO. It was also reported that a sales and purchase agreement is in place.(31)

Miner Goes Into Receivership & Liquidation

On 20 June, Plaman Resources and its subsidiary Plaman Services, filed for receivership and liquidation. A press release from the OIO states it has put on hold an application by Plaman Resources Ltd and Plaman Global Corporation. Plaman Global Corporation is a Canadian-registered company and appears to have been headed at some stage by George David Delaney who also works for, and with, some of the biggest fertiliser suppliers in the world. This is the first reference the OIO has made to this company.

A recent OIO submission made this connection and also pointed out that the Protected Objects Act 1975 prohibits the export of rare fossils. This last point is noted in the OIO press release which also states "that correspondence from Dunedin Mayor Dave Cull, along with submissions on the scientific value of the land, placed doubt on the ability for Plaman to obtain the resource consents it needs to mine on a large scale."

Meanwhile more information of Plaman's disingenuous behaviour continues to filter out. It had commissioned an ecological report ("Wildlands Report") which referred, albeit briefly, to the site's significant fossil cache. Plaman did not however include this report in its' application to the OIO. Mayor Dave Cull had a similar experience.

In a letter to Plaman, he wrote "...the full extent of the environmental impacts and loss of pre-eminent fossil cache at the Foulden Maar were not adequately disclosed at the presentation you gave last year... we were given the impression that the site only contained black diatomaceous earth, and we now have information that it could contain fossil records of incalculable value."(32)

The ecological report also noted over 50 at-risk and declining kōrero gecko, a small group of threatened plant Senecio dunedinsis and three other at-risk plant species that would not survive mining and would require Wildlife Act authority from the Department of Conservation (DoC). To ease its' way through the OIO, and oiling the wheels for future Resource Management Act consents, Plaman was offering financial contributions to DoC to protect Otago skinks at Lindis Pass.

But it did not reveal it would be destroying gecko and skink habitat in the Strath Taieri with its' mining activities. In Plaman's communications with DoC, it states: "We intend to provide a copy of this letter (about financial contributions to the Lindis Pass Skink project) to the Overseas Investment Office as a record of our discussion and to provide the OIO with comfort Plaman and DoC have agreed to continue dialogue…in order to appropriately address the management of ecological matters associated with the Project."(33) DoC was happy to go along with this trade off.

One of the missing links in the story, was how Plaman came to be involved in Foulden Maar in the first place. Recent information reveals that Pete Plakidis and George Manolas had originally been brought on as independent advisors to help secure finance for the troubled former mine company Featherston Resources. They resigned from the role and then, using the inside knowledge gained, made a successful buyout on behalf of Iris Corporation.(34)

What is particularly disturbing about the Foulden Maar saga, is how it reveals a whole gambit of governing organisations (including councils, NZTE, MBIE and DoC) carrying out no due diligence when presented with such proposals. It reveals how they will freely go along with whatever cock and bull story is presented as long as it is couched in terms of economic growth. This obsession with short-term growth blinds such bodies from looking at the full context and implications of such proposals. Ironically, it appears the OIO, in taking 18 months to come to a decision, has at least enabled the facts to come to light.

But The Story Is Not Over Yet

The next move is in the hands of the receivers and liquidators. Insolvency documents show Plaman has over $US17 million in the bank and few current liabilities. Delays in the OIO application are given as the reason for receivership. There is a possibility the receivers could recapitalise and get rid of majority shareholder Malaysian Iris Corporation in a window-dressing exercise to supposedly distance itself from the palm oil industry.

If it recapitalises using a New Zealand investor, it would be able to circumvent the OIO. The mining license is valid until 2033. Meanwhile the Save Foulden Maar Incorporated Society has been formed, and is working towards getting the 42ha of Foulden Maar, currently owned by Plaman, into public ownership where it can be preserved in perpetuity for scientific research.

It was the late actor Christopher Reeves of "Superman" fame who said: "So many of our dreams at first seem impossible, then they seem improbable, and then, when we summon the will, they soon become inevitable". And it seems that, as with the historic southern South Island campaigns to save both Aramoana and Manapouri, the people of New Zealand have indeed summoned the will to protect Foulden Maar.

Please sign the Save Foulden Maar petition.

Since this was written, Plaman has withdrawn its' application to the OIO, in July 2019. Ed.

Endnotes

1. https://www.primetv.co.nz/beneath-nz-catchup (Episode 2 at 28min.)
2. http://www.converge.org.nz/watchdog/49/10.html
3. http://www.converge.org.nz/watchdog/50/12.html
4. https://www.odt.co.nz/business/leaked-report-sheds-light-mine-project
5. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/10/01/iris-corp-to-divest-more-non-core-assets-in-fy19/
6. https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/iris-corp-pursuit-acquisitions-partners
7. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/05/13/581997/growing-opposition-to-fossil-mining
8. https://our.actionstation.org.nz/petitions/save-foulden-maar
9. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/05/14/583737/who-is-the-fossil-mining-company-1
10. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/05/17/588070/fossil-dirt-nutrition-claims-under-doubt
11. https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018694821/concern-about-mining-in-foulden-maar
12. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/389113/otago-community-takes-on-major-international-mining-company
13. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/curran-frustrated-mine-delays-says-public-lacks-facts
14. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/mayor-wants-clarification-diatomite-mine-proposal
15. Notes made during phone call with Pilcher
16. Ibid
17. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/cull-mine-support-not-too-early
18. https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018695982/mining-company-we-have-good-motives-here
19. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/05/26/601769/rod-orams-foulden-maar
20. https://www.linz.govt.nz/news/2019-05/oio-assessing-plaman-mine-application
21. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/05/26/601769/rod-orams-foulden-maar
22. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/minerals-forum-flashpoint-protest
23. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/cull-protesters-expressing-overwhelming-view-city
24. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/1m-plus-extra-climate-change-work
25. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/dcc-supports-preservation-foulden-maar
26. http://theconversation.com/proposal-to-mine-fossil-rich-site-in-new-zealand-sparks-campaign-to-protect-it-118505
27. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/council-now-formally-opposed-expansion-mine
28. https://www.casinonewsdaily.com/2019/01/19/wynn-macau-wins-gambling-debt-lawsuit-against-malaysian-gambler/
29. https://www.linz.govt.nz/news/2019-06/oio-considers-new-information-plaman-application
30. OIO website
31. https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/foulden-maar-options-cover-types-status
32. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/06/24/647747/fossil-mining-company-broke-with-millions-in-the-bank
33. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/06/28/656090/fossil-miners-skink-cash
34. https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2019/06/24/647747/fossil-mining-company-broke-with-millions-in-the-bank